Deoxidation, desulfurization and alloying in the electric arc furnace. HC FeMn, FeSiMn, FeMo, FeSi and HC FeCr, for construction steel, alloy steel and special steel. Supply discipline at large-mill scale.
An electric arc furnace melts scrap and DRI/HBI under graphite electrodes, then refining moves the heat through tapping, ladle treatment and casting. Two things govern alloy work here: oxygen and sulfur have to come down before recovery of expensive additions stabilizes, and the chemistry has to land inside a narrow spec window heat after heat. Most ferroalloy additions happen at tap or in the ladle furnace, where the slag is reducing and temperature is controlled, so recovery rates hold and analysis drift between heats stays low.
Deoxidation comes first. FeSi 75 (Si 74-76%) is the working silicon source for steel deoxidation, usually 1.5-4 kg/t depending on dissolved oxygen and whether aluminium is also run. Manganese alloying and residual deoxidation overlap: HC FeMn (Mn 74-82%, C up to ~7.5%) sets bulk Mn for rebar and structural grades, while FeSiMn (Mn 65-75%, Si 14-21%) adds Mn and Si together and trims slag oxygen in one addition, common in long-product mills. For hardenability and creep performance, FeMo (Mo ~60%) and HC FeCr (Cr 60-68%) carry the alloying load in engineering and special steels; cored wires feed Ca, S or C with tight recovery at the trim stage, and recarburizer corrects the carbon balance after a low-C tap.
Grade selection follows the residual budget, not just the assay. Low P/S FeMo and controlled-carbon FeMn matter where downstream toughness or weldability is specified; size distribution affects dissolution and yield, so screened lump versus fines should match the addition method. Each lot ships with COA and MTC to EN 10204 3.1, with full elemental analysis and lot traceability. For mills exporting to the EU, CBAM embedded-emissions documentation on the carrier alloy is increasingly part of the order file, and that data set travels with the COA.
Supply runs on multi-regional sourcing held as Gebze bonded stock with CIF Marmara delivery, so a mill can consolidate HC FeMn, FeSiMn, FeMo, FeSi 75 and HC FeCr into one shipment. Lead time is 24-48h from bonded stock or 28-35 days CIF for fresh sea lots, and RFQs are quoted within hours.
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